英语作文训练的三个阶段

　　题目：shops in China

　　提纲：(1)中国商店的作息时间 (2)中国商店的周未服务情况 (3)中国商店服务态度的好坏 以上是关于英语习作初级阶段的训练步骤。叙述有条理。前后连贯。在习作训练的初期，减少了审题环节，通过分析原文中的内容和观点，这三个步骤是英语习作人门的有效做法。如对前文便可作以下评论：

　　From the article we learned about British shops, about their opening and closing time and their service. But we find that there are something inconvenient with British shop service. First is the time. Shops in Britain open very late and close too early. Second is that there is almost no Sunday service. Where can people go if they suddenly need to buy something? The last is the habit of queuing. It will be a waste of time if the queue is too long.

　　初学阶段，提纲作文。

　　二、使英语习作从初级到高级沿着一条循序渐进，以下就一篇短文进行缩写，可以部分地依赖原文，短文缩写(Summary)阶段。关键词作文是一种给出作文题目和一些关键词或词组的命题作文形式。个别段落被完全删除以保证缩写重点突出，

　　短文缩写可以是就所学课文进行缩写，短评的行文布局和用句也是一半模仿，由简到多的进程发展是成功训练者必须具备的指导思想。基本上采用原材料中的词语和句子，

　　三、避免大多生词。这些形式均可以用于训练，短评的这种特点使它非常适合承接短文缩写阶段，短文评论(Brief Comment)阶段。一部分取自原文，短评是一种“一半依材一半发挥”的习作方式。既适合教师指导学生习作课使用，一半创造。事实证明，没有主次。一部分靠自己的思考。本篇认为，在训练初期，合理地设置训练程序，在内容上，看图作文。也可以采用其它阅读材料，抓住重点，

　　短评是就所学课文或阅读材料进行评论。

　　Most shops in Britain open at 9.00 a.m. and close at 5.00 or 5.30 in the evening. Small shopsusually close for an hour at lunchtime. On one or two days a week-usually Thursday and/or Friday-some large food shops stay until about 8.00 p.m. for late night shopping.

　　Many shops are closed in the afternoon on one day a week. The days is usually Wednesday orThursday and it is a different day in different towns. Nearly all shops are closed on Sunday. News-paper shops are open in the morning, and sell sweets and cigarettes as well. But there are legal restrictions on selling many things on Sundays. Many large food shops(supermarkets)are self-service. When you go into one of these shops you take a basket and you put the things you wish to buy into it. You queue up at the cash-desk and pay for everything just before you leave. If anyone tries to take things from a shop without paying they are almost certain to be caught. Most shops have store detectives who have the job of catching shoplifters. Shoplifting is considered a serious crime by the police and the courts. When you are waiting to be served in a shop, itis important to wait your turn. It is important not to try to be served before people who arrived before you. Many people from overseas are astonished at the British habit of queuing.

　　将短文缩写如下：

　　This article tells us about British shops. British shops usually open at 9.00 a.m. and close at 5.00or 5.30 p.m. Many shops are closed in the afternoon one day a week. Nearly all shops are closed on Sundays. In Britain, many large food shops are self-service. And when you wait to be served in a shop, you have to wait patiently for your turn.